Chapter 13 Science Notes

Chapter 13: ribonucleic astringent and Protein Synthesis
* 13.1 RNA
* The role of RNA
* How does RNA resist from deoxyribonucleic acid?: There are three important differences amidst RNA and DNA: (1) the sugar in RNA is ribose alternatively of deoxyribose, (2) RNA is generally single-stranded and not double-stranded, and (3) RNA contains uranium in place of thymine
* Comparing RNA and DNA: on that point are three differences in RNA and DNA.
* Functions of RNA
* messenger RNA: type of RNA that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell
* Ribosomal RNA: type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes
* Transfer RNA: type of RNA that carries all(prenominal) amino acid to a ribosome during protein synthesis
* RNA synthesis
* How does the cell hold RNA?: in organization, segments of DNA serve as templates to form complementary RNA motes.




* Transcription: synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
* RNA polymerase: enzyme that links together the ontogeny chain of RNA nucleotides during transcription using a DNA strand as a template
* Promoters: specific region of a gene where RNA polymerase can bind and begin transcription
* RNA editing
* Introns: sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein
* Exons: expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein
* 13.2 Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis
* The genetic code
* What is the genetic code, and how is it take up?: the genetic code is read three letters at a time, so that to each one word is three bases long and corresponds to a single amino acid.
* Polypeptides: long chain of amino acids that makes proteins
* Genetic code: devote of battle of codons of mRNA, each of which directs the incorporation of a particular amino acid into a protein during protein synthesis
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